When using a creative commons license, creators choose a set of conditions they wish to apply to their work. Here you will find an archive of all the copyleft and open source licenses that have been published in the past. Although several different types of creative commons licenses exist, each one enables others to use an authors work freely to one degree or another. The free art license recognizes and protects these rights. Copyright, creative commons, and confusion the scholarly. Nov 07, 2017 todas as licencas creative commons tem em comum muitas caracteristicas importantes. It can be applied to documents to make the open content for the public. The following list of software packages and web applications incorporated creative commons licensing, so you wont have to copypaste html from licenses or add buttons to your pages.
Which open source license should i choose to release my software under. Ccnc is a similar idea, but cc licenses are not software licenses. Open source licenses are licenses that comply with the open source definition in brief, they allow software to be freely used, modified, and shared. A public license permits certain uses of ed materials by the public at large. As much as open source licensing is about the grant of ip rights, its also grounded in politics, philosophy and public policy. This is answered by creative commons themselves in their faq unlike software specific licenses, cc licenses do not contain specific terms about the distribution of source code, which is often important to ensuring the free reuse and modifiability of software. This is a lax, permissive noncopyleft free software license, compatible with the. All new works based on your work must be licensed under the same conditions on which your work is licensed, i. Sep 06, 2019 it is similar to the share alike stipulation of the creative commons licenses and the sa icon resembles the copyleft icon. Nc noncommercial use and nd no derivative works are conditions that make the cc licenses more restrictive and thus less open. Share copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. Frequently answered questions open source initiative. For a brief introduction video, check asheesh laroia talking about liblicense.
For instance, a fsf approval means that the free software foundation fsf considers a license to be free software license. Their implementation has been reformulated in order to allow everyone to use creations of the human mind in a creative. Copyleft software licenses are considered protective or reciprocal, as contrasted with permissive free software licenses. These programmers often work for companies or universities that would do. Fonseca copyleft software gratuito creative commons. Your opinion what if linux and gnu switched to cc0. From beerware licensing, where you need to buy a beer for the open source programmer if you see them in a bar, to the finetuned and legallycurated berkeley software distribution bsd license, we have it all.
Copyleft, distinguished from, is the practice of offering people the right to freely distribute copies and modified versions of a work with the stipulation that the same rights be preserved in derivative works created later. Additionally, a compatibility mechanism was added to byncsa. In open access publishing and in open educational resources cc licenses are commonly used. Many flickr users have chosen to offer their work under a creative commons license, and you can browse or search through content under each type of license.
All new works based on yours will carry the same license, so any derivatives will also allow commercial use. You can make derivative works, but they have to be licensed under the same terms. Creative commons licenses creative commons research. However, there are other open licenses that can be applied to educational materials. A free license or open license is a license agreement which contains provisions that allow other individuals to reuse another creators work, giving them four major freedoms. All open source licenses, by the open source inititatives definition must, among other things, allow distribution in source form. John discusses the differences between permissiveness and copyleft as they apply to open source licensing.
What about the creative commons cc0 cc zero public domain dedication. This form of copyleft is more prominent in the art community. Copyleft is also a movement promoting the use of such licences and critiquing traditional. Copyleft is a form of licensing, and can be used to maintain conditions for works ranging from computer software. Why not just use creative commons noncommercial sharealike. Copyleft licenses are licenses that require redistributed copies and derivative works to be under the same license. Its list distinguishes between free software licenses that are compatible or incompatible with the fsfs copyleft gnu general public license. This is a free software license, compatible with both gplv2 and gplv3. Comparison of free and opensource software licenses wikipedia. Front page free software foundation working together. Without a special license, these uses are normally prohibited by law or commercial license. A tale of two copyleft licenses while determining the proper methodology and criteria to yield an accurate count remains difficult, the gpl is generally considered one of the most widely used free software licenses.
Copyleft licenses are often found on software packages, but can be used on any work. Attribution by all cc licenses require that others who use your work in any way must give you credit the way you request, but not in a way that suggests you endorse them or their use. Mixing and matching these conditions produces sixteen possible combinations, of which eleven are valid creative commons licenses and five are not. Organizations usually approve specific versions of software licenses.
Mar 16, 2020 creative commons licenses are public licenses. The internet provides a suitable platform for sharing and developing source code and open collaboration results in faster and more efficient development. As mentioned, wikipedia uses the attributionsharealike. Criticizes the creative commons project for failing to draw a line in the sand when it comes to defining free licenses.
Jun 24, 2006 copyleft is a type of license that attempts to ensure that the public retains the freedom to use, modify, extend and redistribute a creative work and all derivative works i. Os defensores dos softwares livres, como barbrook 2003, silveira 2006 e stallman. Oct 07, 2010 originally, computer programmers began licensing their software under open source licenses, which promoted the free use and distribution of their software to advance the greater good. Why shouldnt creative commons licenses be used for software. This is a permissive non copyleft free software license with a few requirements in sections 4 and 5 that render it incompatible with the gnu gpl. Arduino colaborativocopyleft e o projeto gnu wikilivros. When we create a repository, we will replace certain strings in the license with variables from the repository. You cannot add an nc restriction to derivatives and so you cannot use any nc material in derivatives of. Gnu is an organization sponsored by the free software academy. It has a weak perfile copyleft like version 1 of the mozilla public license which makes it incompatible with the gnu gpl. Free software licenses can be divided into two broad categories. What are some examples of sharealikecopyleft licenses.
Stallman, was is first and most prominent software copyleft license. Whereas copyleft claims ownership legally only to relinquish it practically, the references to ownership by creative commons is no longer an ironic reversal but real. Lawrence lessig is an american lawyer who wrote a book in 2004 called free culture and founded the creative commons organisation, which has popularised some copyleft licenses commonly used on the internet today. Ccnc is actually much more restrictive than commons clause.
This license lets others remix, adapt, and build upon your work even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms. Copyleft is a guiding principle of the gpl general public license and the fsf free software foundation. The gnu general public license gnu gpl or simply gpl is a widely used free software license, origin. Understanding the copyright license smashing magazine. It complements the gnu general public license, which is a copyleft license designed for free software. Creative commons 0 cc0 is a license that essentially releases to the work into public domain in countries where the concept of public domain. For most of its history for 16 years from june 1991 to june 2007 there was really only one version of the gpl, version 2. Since then, the use of copyleft licensing has expanded. We recommend the gnu gpl or one of the creative commons licenses that. This often means, for example, that if another person licensed a book under a copyleft license, and you changed it into a new book, you would have to license your new book under the same license. Copyleft also helps programmers who want to contribute improvements to free software get permission to do so. The second form of copyleft licensing is the creative commons sharealike license. The fsf recommends at least compatible with gpl and preferably copyleft. Samuel otto wood explained why certain creative commons licenses are not compatible in an answer on the support forums.
It is based on the modified bsd license, and adds a term expressly stating it does not grant you any patent licenses. For software, creative commons includes three free licenses created by other institutions. The figure below shows a good overview of what each license permits you to do. Flickr makes it easy for users to select one of the cc licenses, and its a great source of photography for your projects. Anyone who receives open source software has the right to inspect. Creative commons, copyleft, and other licenses copyright and. Some copyleft licenses that are used a lot are the gnu general public license and the creative commons attributionsharealike license. Therefore, to say that a work uses a creative commons license is to leave the principal questions about the works licensing unanswered. A discussion about criteria and processes for determining other compatible licenses will happen after the launch of 4. There exists an ongoing debate within the free software community regarding the fine line between what restrictions can be applied and still be called free.
A new creative commons search tool for creators seeking to discover and reuse free resources with greater ease. It states that others may copy, modify, and distribute an authors work, as long as the same rights are preserved on the modified work. If supplied, you must provide the name of the creator and attribution parties, a notice, a license notice, a disclaimer notice, and a link to the material. Applications with creative commons licensing builtin. Mostly for content, though, rather than licensed software. All creative commons licenses contain this property.
Copyleft is a form of licensing, and can be used to maintain conditions for works ranging from computer software, to documents, to art, to scientific discoveries and instruments in medicine. This license is often compared to copyleft free and open source software licenses. An example of a copyleft free software license is the often used gnu general public license gpl, also the first copyleft license. Creative commons license vs gpl difference and comparison. Various licenses and comments about them gnu project free. The pick and choose cc licenses allow arbitrary restrictions on the freedom of users based on an authors particular preferences and tastes. Creative commons licenses will be explored in more detail in the next chapter. This license is often compared to copyleft, open source and software licenses. Copyleft is the idea and the specific stipulation when distributing software that the user will be able to copy it freely, examine and modify the source code, and redistribute the software to others free or priced as long as the redistributed software is also passed along with the copyleft stipulation. This site is a joint project of software freedom conservancy and the free software foundation.
The gnu general public license, originally written by richard stallman, was is first and most prominent software copyleft license. Copyleft licenses give each person who possesses the work the same rights as the original author, including. Copyleft also provides an incentive for other programmers to add to free software. After opting into the copyleft licence, the source code is readily available, and it allows others to modify and develop the code. Creative commons licenses are several licenses released on december 16, 2002 by creative commons, a u. Centre for the study of communication and culture volume 26 2007 no. Gnu has produced a number of licenses relating to software. If you redistribute the software, you must distribute the source to any changes you make. If a work you wish to use has been released under a public license, you do not have to seek additional permission from the rightsholder in order to do the things authorized by the license. Wikipedias licensing ccbysa and gnu free documentation license uses the copyleft or, in creative commons terminology, sharealike principle. The creative commons licenses are clear and readable. As the most widely used copyleft software license, it was designed to allow end users freedom to use, study, share copy, and modify software. Creative commons changed the definition of compatible license to allow for more possibilities, including oneway compatibility. The wikimedia commons, the multimedia repository of wikipedia, is a core user of our licenses as well.
Copyright and open licensing in the oer starter kit. Creative commons guide copyright at ubc 2019 development. This license is aimed at giving and protecting all users unlimited freedom to use, study, and privately modify the software, and if the user adheres to the terms and conditions of the gpl, freedom to redistribute. Distribution of creative commons public licenses does not create a lawyerclient or other relationship. In other words, the code is free to use, to share and modify but any resultant works must be distributed under the same license. The gnu general public license is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works. Compare the version published on advogato with attached discussion forum. The holders grant the freedom to copy, modify, convey, adapt, andor redistribute this work except appendices b e under the terms of the creative commons attribution share alike 4. The use of copyleft licensing began with computer hobbyists in the mid1970s, seeking to protect their programs from commercial use. Because of this, we encourage you to be careful about using software under this license. Creative commons licenses began as a way for people to openly share intellectual property, including music, images, artwork, and software.
Although cc licenses can theoretically be applied to software, the creative commons organization does not recommend it, and instead encourages software developers to use open licenses from the free software foundation, such as the gnu general public license. Advantages to creative commons licenses lie mainly in the open nature of an authors content, with the license allowing for reuse under. Gnu general public license v3 gpl3 366312 code license managed by kevin. Also, there is a lot of confusion about what is a commercial use, and we only wanted to restrict one narrow kind of commercial use. Front page free software foundation working together for free software skip to content. Copyleft simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
See for examples, the general public license, some versions of the creative commons licences, and the more radical iang license. Nov 10, 2010 copyleft is an overarching term for a variety of licenses which enable creators to explicitly make their materials available for use by others, with some restrictions. Copyleft software licenses are considered protective or reciprocal, as contrasted with permissive freesoftware licenses. There are variations, of coursethe lgpl, for example, is a weak copyleft. Why free softwares long run tco must be lower uma analise economica do software copyleft e do software comercial. Study 24 terms computer science flashcards quizlet. This license is a kind of copyleft, which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. Comparison of free and opensource software licenses. We have designed this license in order to use it for manuals for free software. The gnu free documentation license fdl is a form of copyleft intended for use on a manual, textbook or other document to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifications, either commercially or noncommercially. The fsf is a charity with a worldwide mission to advance software freedom.
Freedom 3 the freedom to modify the work, and the freedom to distribute modified and therefore derivative works. A creative commons, uma organizacao sem fins lucrativos fundada por. Uma licenca livre publicada pela copyleft attitude pode ser aplicada em arte digital ou nao digital. Another mistake, which has occasionally been seen since about 2008, is to assume that free software refers only to software licensed under copyleft licenses, since that is how the fsf typically releases software, while open source refers to software released under socalled permissive i. Today, artists in many disciplines are using copyleft licenses, which are based on the open source licenses, to license their works to the public at large. Nov 07, 2017 searching for open content is an important function enabled by our approach. Bear with me, but theres one more step to take before we discuss what copyleft is. Jul 29, 2016 copyleft licensing is favourable for software coders. The gnu and creative commons licenses are other examples, and many other licenses apply the concept to some degree. Creative commons is the most frequently used and accessible free. Creative licenses for information use in information society.